An extreme close up is where the camera is close up to a certain detail, like an eye or lips or an object like a blade etc. This is used to show a significant object to the plot or a significant detail or a characters emotions. e.g. an extreme close up of a knife might be forshadowing a death of a character with that knife or a knife.
Over the Shoulder:
An over the shoulder shot is where the camera is looking over a characters shoulder at an object to show what the character is looking at or a person either reacting or speaking. e.g. an over the shoulder shot of a costumer at the counter of a shop looking at the cashier.
Shot-Reverse-Shot:
A shot reverse shot is a technique where the camera cuts between two people looking at each other. Usually used for conversations so you can see the characters speaking and reacting to each other. The audience knows that the characters are looking at each other because they're both looking at opposite sides. e.g. two people on a date at a restaurant.
Eye Line Match:
An eye line match is where the camera shows the character looking at something and then it cuts to what they're looking at. You see what the character is looking at. e.g. someone looking at a painting in an art gallery.
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